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Medical Billing Knowledge Base

100 Medical Billing FAQs: Expert Answers for Practices

Clear, direct answers to the 100 questions practice owners, managers and billers ask most about claims, coding, denials, revenue cycle KPIs, prior authorization, credentialing, compliance and outsourcing.

By Everest AR Billing Team Updated 10 topics · 100 answers
Established 199930+ SpecialtiesAll 50 States4.9 Google RatingHIPAA Compliant

Key takeaways

  • Medical billing turns patient services into insurance claims and follows them until the practice is paid; revenue cycle management covers the full process from scheduling to final payment.
  • Healthy practice benchmarks: a clean claim rate of 95%+, an initial denial rate under 5%, a net collection rate of 95%+ and days in AR under 30 to 40.
  • Most denials start at the front desk: verify eligibility before every visit, track prior authorizations and scrub claims before submission.
  • Medicare's timely filing limit is 12 months from the date of service; commercial and Medicaid limits are often 90 to 180 days.
  • Insurance credentialing usually takes 90 to 120 days per payer, so start at least four months before a new provider's first day.

Medical Billing Basics

Medical Billing Services →
01

What is medical billing?

Medical billing is the process of turning the healthcare services a provider delivers into insurance claims, submitting those claims to payers, and following up until the practice is paid. It covers charge entry, claim submission, payment posting, denial follow-up and patient statements. Accurate billing is what converts clinical work into actual revenue for a medical practice.

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02

What is the difference between medical billing and medical coding?

Medical coding translates clinical documentation into standardized codes (ICD-10-CM for diagnoses, CPT and HCPCS for procedures and supplies). Medical billing uses those codes to build claims, send them to payers, track them, post payments and collect balances. Coding answers what was done and why; billing makes sure the practice gets paid for it.

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03

What are the main steps in the medical billing process?

The medical billing process typically follows ten steps: patient registration, insurance eligibility verification, prior authorization when needed, medical coding, charge entry, claim scrubbing and submission, payer adjudication, payment posting, denial management and appeals, and patient billing with collections. Errors at any early step, such as wrong demographics, usually show up later as denials.

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04

What is a CMS-1500 claim form?

The CMS-1500 is the standard claim form used by physicians and other non-institutional providers to bill professional services to Medicare, Medicaid and commercial insurers. Its electronic equivalent is the ANSI X12 837P transaction. It carries patient and insured details, diagnosis codes, procedure codes with modifiers, charges, dates of service and provider NPIs.

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05

What is a UB-04 claim form?

The UB-04, also called the CMS-1450, is the claim form used by institutional providers such as hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, home health agencies and hospices. Its electronic version is the ANSI X12 837I transaction. Unlike the CMS-1500, it uses revenue codes, type-of-bill codes and value codes that describe facility charges.

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06

What is a medical billing clearinghouse?

A clearinghouse is an intermediary that receives claims from a practice, checks them for formatting and data errors, converts them to the payer's required format and routes them to the right insurer. It also returns acceptance and rejection reports and often delivers electronic remittance advice (ERA) files back to the practice for payment posting.

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07

What is the difference between an EOB and an ERA?

An Explanation of Benefits (EOB) is a statement showing how a payer processed a claim: what was billed, allowed, paid, adjusted and owed by the patient. An Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) is the electronic version of that information, sent as an X12 835 file, which billing software can use to post payments automatically.

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08

What is the difference between a claim rejection and a claim denial?

A rejected claim fails front-end edits at the clearinghouse or payer and never enters processing, usually because of missing or invalid data; it can be corrected and resubmitted as a new claim. A denied claim was processed and the payer refused payment, so it must be corrected as a replacement claim or formally appealed.

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09

What is a superbill in medical billing?

A superbill is an itemized document listing the services provided during a visit, with CPT or HCPCS codes, ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, the provider's NPI and tax ID, and charges. Practices use it to create insurance claims, and out-of-network patients often submit it to their insurer to seek reimbursement on their own.

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10

What is an NPI number and why is it required?

A National Provider Identifier (NPI) is a unique 10-digit number issued by CMS through the NPPES system. Type 1 NPIs belong to individual providers and Type 2 NPIs belong to organizations such as group practices. HIPAA requires NPIs on standard electronic transactions, so a claim without a valid NPI will be rejected.

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Claims Submission & Clean Claims

Revenue Cycle Management →
11

What is a clean claim?

A clean claim is a claim with complete, accurate information that a payer can process without asking for anything more. Strong practices keep a clean claim rate of 95% or higher, and top performers aim for 98%. Every claim that is not clean adds rework, slows payment and increases the risk of a write-off.

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12

How long does it take to get paid on a medical claim?

Clean electronic claims are commonly paid within 14 to 30 days. Medicare will not pay an electronic clean claim before the 14th day after receipt, or a paper claim before the 29th day. Commercial payers are governed by state prompt-pay laws, which typically require payment within 30 to 45 days.

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13

What is the timely filing limit for medical claims?

Timely filing is the deadline for submitting a claim after the date of service. Medicare allows 12 months from the date of service. Medicaid and commercial payers set their own limits, often between 90 and 180 days, and the limit is written into each payer contract. Claims filed late are usually denied and cannot be billed to the patient.

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14

What is claim scrubbing?

Claim scrubbing is the automated review of a claim before submission to catch errors that would cause a rejection or denial. Scrubbers check patient demographics, insurance IDs, code validity, diagnosis-to-procedure links, modifier use, NCCI edits and payer-specific rules. Fixing problems before a claim leaves the office is far cheaper than reworking a denial.

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15

What information is required on a medical claim?

A complete medical claim includes patient name, date of birth and address; the subscriber's insurance ID and group number; rendering and billing provider NPIs and tax ID; dates and place of service; ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes; CPT or HCPCS codes with modifiers and units; charges; referring provider when required; and any prior authorization number.

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16

What are the most common medical claim errors?

The most common claim errors are incorrect patient demographics or insurance IDs, inactive coverage, missing prior authorization, diagnosis codes that do not support the procedure, missing or wrong modifiers, duplicate submissions, wrong place-of-service codes and missed filing deadlines. Most of these are preventable with front-end verification and claim scrubbing.

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17

What is a corrected claim and how is it submitted?

A corrected claim replaces or cancels a claim the payer already processed. On electronic 837 claims it is identified with claim frequency code 7 for a replacement or code 8 to void the original, along with the payer's original claim number. Sending a fresh claim instead of a corrected claim usually triggers a duplicate denial.

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18

What is coordination of benefits (COB)?

Coordination of benefits determines which insurance plan pays first when a patient has more than one. The primary plan pays first and the secondary plan considers the remaining balance. For dependent children, the birthday rule usually makes the plan of the parent whose birthday falls earlier in the year primary. Medicare Secondary Payer rules decide when Medicare pays second.

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19

What is a place of service (POS) code?

A place of service code is a two-digit code on professional claims that identifies where a service was performed, such as 11 for an office, 21 for an inpatient hospital, 22 for an outpatient hospital, and 02 or 10 for telehealth. POS affects reimbursement because many payers pay different rates for facility and non-facility settings.

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20

Should medical claims be submitted electronically or on paper?

Electronic submission is the standard. It is faster, cheaper, easier to track and supports automatic eligibility checks and ERA payment posting. Medicare requires electronic claims under the Administrative Simplification Compliance Act, with limited exceptions for very small providers. Paper claims are slower to pay and more prone to keying errors.

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Medical Coding: ICD-10, CPT, HCPCS & Modifiers

Medical Coding Services →
21

What is ICD-10-CM?

ICD-10-CM is the diagnosis coding system used in the United States for all healthcare settings. It contains more than 70,000 alphanumeric codes that describe diseases, injuries, symptoms and reasons for encounters. Codes are updated every October 1, and claims must use codes valid for the date of service and coded to the highest level of specificity.

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22

What are CPT codes?

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes are five-character codes, maintained by the American Medical Association, that describe medical, surgical and diagnostic services. Category I codes cover common procedures, Category II codes track performance measures and Category III codes cover emerging technology. The code set is updated every January 1.

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23

What are HCPCS Level II codes?

HCPCS Level II codes are alphanumeric codes maintained by CMS for items and services not covered by CPT, such as durable medical equipment, ambulance services, injectable drugs (J codes), supplies and certain Medicare-specific services (G codes). They begin with a letter followed by four digits and are updated quarterly.

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24

What are modifiers in medical coding?

Modifiers are two-character codes added to a CPT or HCPCS code to give payers extra information without changing the code's definition. They can show that a service was distinct, bilateral, performed on a specific side (LT, RT), split into professional and technical components (26, TC), or delivered by telehealth. Wrong or missing modifiers are a leading cause of denials.

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25

When should modifier 25 be used?

Modifier 25 is appended to an evaluation and management (E/M) code when the same provider performs a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as a procedure or other service. The documentation must show work beyond the usual pre- and post-procedure evaluation. Payers audit modifier 25 closely, so documentation must clearly support it.

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26

What is modifier 59 and how do the X modifiers differ?

Modifier 59 identifies a distinct procedural service that would normally be bundled, such as a different session, site or incision. CMS also created more specific X modifiers: XE (separate encounter), XS (separate structure), XP (separate practitioner) and XU (unusual non-overlapping service). Many payers prefer the X modifiers, and misuse of either is a common audit target.

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27

What are NCCI edits?

National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits are CMS rules that prevent improper payment when codes are billed together incorrectly. Procedure-to-procedure (PTP) edits flag code pairs that should not be billed together on the same day, and medically unlikely edits (MUEs) cap the units of a service per day. Many commercial payers apply similar edits.

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28

How are E/M codes selected for office visits?

Since 2021, office and outpatient E/M codes (99202 to 99215) are selected based on either the level of medical decision making or the provider's total time on the date of the encounter. History and exam are documented as medically appropriate but no longer drive the level. In 2023, the same framework was extended to most other E/M settings.

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29

What are upcoding and unbundling?

Upcoding is billing a higher-level or more expensive service than the documentation supports. Unbundling is billing separately for components that should be reported under a single comprehensive code. Both result in overpayment, and when done knowingly they can create liability under the federal False Claims Act. Regular coding audits help prevent them.

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30

How often do medical codes change?

ICD-10-CM codes update every October 1, with occasional April 1 updates. CPT codes update every January 1, with Category III and laboratory codes released more often. HCPCS Level II codes update quarterly. Practices that do not update their fee schedules, templates and claim scrubbers on time see a spike in invalid-code denials.

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Denials & Appeals

Denial Management Services →
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What is a claim denial?

A claim denial occurs when a payer processes a claim and refuses to pay all or part of it. The reason is communicated through Claim Adjustment Reason Codes (CARCs) and Remittance Advice Remark Codes (RARCs) on the EOB or ERA. Denied claims must be corrected and resubmitted or appealed, otherwise the revenue is lost.

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What are the most common reasons claims are denied?

The most common denial reasons are eligibility or coverage issues, missing prior authorization, lack of medical necessity, coding errors, missing or invalid information, duplicate claims, bundling edits, non-covered services, coordination of benefits problems and missed timely filing deadlines. Most denials trace back to front-end registration and verification gaps.

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33

What are CARC and RARC codes?

Claim Adjustment Reason Codes (CARCs) explain why a payer paid a claim differently than billed, such as CO-16 or CO-97. They are paired with a group code: CO (contractual obligation), PR (patient responsibility), OA (other adjustment) or PI (payer-initiated reduction). Remittance Advice Remark Codes (RARCs) add detail that explains the specific problem.

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34

What does denial code CO-16 mean?

CO-16 means the claim lacks information or has submission or billing errors. The accompanying RARC identifies what is missing, such as an invalid member ID, a missing referring provider or an incomplete address. The fix is to correct the specific data element and resubmit; CO-16 denials usually do not require a formal appeal.

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35

What does denial code CO-50 mean?

CO-50 means the payer has decided the service is not medically necessary. To overturn it, review the payer's coverage policy, confirm the diagnosis codes support the procedure, and submit an appeal with clinical documentation showing why the service was required. For Medicare, check the relevant National or Local Coverage Determination.

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36

What does denial code CO-97 mean?

CO-97 means the service is considered included in the payment for another service or procedure already adjudicated, which is a bundling denial. Review NCCI edits to confirm whether the services are truly bundled. If they were distinct, a corrected claim with an appropriate modifier such as 59 or an X modifier may be warranted.

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37

What is a good claim denial rate?

Best-performing practices keep their initial denial rate below 5% of claims submitted. A rate above 10% signals process problems in registration, eligibility, authorization or coding. Equally important is the overturn rate: a significant share of denied claims are recoverable, yet many are never reworked, which is where much lost revenue sits.

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38

How do you appeal a denied medical claim?

To appeal a denied claim, read the denial reason codes, decide whether a corrected claim or a formal appeal is needed, and gather supporting records such as visit notes and authorizations. Write an appeal letter that cites the payer policy or contract terms, submit it before the appeal deadline, and track it until a decision is made.

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39

What are the five levels of Medicare appeals?

Medicare Part A and B appeals have five levels: redetermination by the Medicare Administrative Contractor (request within 120 days), reconsideration by a Qualified Independent Contractor (within 180 days), a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge, review by the Medicare Appeals Council, and judicial review in federal district court. Later levels require a minimum amount in controversy.

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40

How can a medical practice prevent claim denials?

Prevent denials by verifying eligibility before every visit, tracking prior authorizations, scrubbing claims before submission, auditing coding regularly, keeping payer rules current and analyzing denial trends by payer, code and reason. Fixing the root cause of each denial category stops the same errors from repeating month after month.

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Revenue Cycle Management & KPIs

Revenue Cycle Management →
41

What is revenue cycle management (RCM)?

Revenue cycle management is the end-to-end financial process that tracks a patient encounter from scheduling and registration to the final payment. It includes eligibility checks, authorizations, coding, charge capture, claim submission, payment posting, denial management, patient collections and reporting. Effective RCM shortens time to payment and reduces lost revenue.

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42

What is the difference between medical billing and revenue cycle management?

Medical billing is one part of revenue cycle management. Billing focuses on creating, submitting and following up on claims. RCM covers the full cycle, including front-end steps like scheduling, eligibility verification and prior authorization, mid-cycle coding and charge capture, and back-end analytics that improve performance over time.

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43

What are the most important revenue cycle KPIs?

The core revenue cycle KPIs are days in accounts receivable, net collection rate, clean claim rate, initial denial rate, first-pass resolution rate, percentage of AR over 90 days, charge lag and cost to collect. Tracking these monthly shows where revenue is slowing down and which process needs attention first.

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44

What is days in AR and what is a good benchmark?

Days in accounts receivable measures how long, on average, it takes to collect payment. It is calculated by dividing total AR by average daily charges. Fewer than 30 to 40 days is generally considered strong for most physician practices, while consistently above 50 days indicates follow-up or denial problems.

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45

What is the net collection rate?

Net collection rate is the percentage of collectible revenue a practice actually collects. It equals payments received divided by charges minus contractual adjustments, multiplied by 100. A net collection rate of 95% or higher is considered strong. A lower rate means money the practice is contractually owed is being lost to denials, write-offs or unpaid patient balances.

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46

What is the gross collection rate?

Gross collection rate is total payments divided by total billed charges. Because it depends heavily on how high a practice sets its fee schedule, it is not a reliable measure of billing performance. Net collection rate is the better metric for comparing performance because it removes contractual adjustments.

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47

What is AR aging in medical billing?

AR aging groups unpaid balances by how long they have been outstanding, usually 0 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90, 91 to 120 and over 120 days. The older a claim gets, the less likely it is to be collected. Healthy practices keep the share of AR over 90 days below roughly 15 to 20%.

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48

What is payment posting?

Payment posting is recording insurance and patient payments, contractual adjustments and denials against patient accounts, usually from ERA files and EOBs. Accurate posting keeps patient balances correct, triggers secondary claims and reveals underpayments and denials that need follow-up. Errors in posting distort every downstream report.

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49

What is charge lag?

Charge lag is the number of days between the date of service and the date charges are entered or the claim is submitted. Long charge lag delays cash flow and increases the risk of missing timely filing limits. Most practices should aim for a charge lag of one to three days.

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50

How can a practice identify payer underpayments?

To identify underpayments, load each payer's contracted fee schedule into the billing system and compare every allowed amount on ERAs against the expected rate. Variances should be flagged, grouped by payer and code, and disputed with the payer. Without contract-level monitoring, small underpayments often go unnoticed for years.

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Insurance Verification & Prior Authorization

Prior Authorization Services →
51

What is insurance eligibility verification?

Insurance eligibility verification confirms that a patient's coverage is active and identifies their benefits before a visit, including copay, deductible, coinsurance, network status and whether authorization is required. It is usually done electronically through X12 270 and 271 transactions. It is the single most effective way to prevent front-end denials.

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52

When should patient eligibility be verified?

Eligibility should be checked before every scheduled visit, ideally 24 to 72 hours in advance, and confirmed again at check-in to catch recent changes. Coverage changes most often at the start of a new plan year and when patients change jobs, so January visits deserve extra attention.

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53

What is prior authorization in medical billing?

Prior authorization is approval a provider must obtain from the payer before delivering certain services, medications, imaging or procedures. Without an approved authorization on file, the claim is typically denied, and in many contracts the provider cannot bill the patient for it. Requirements differ by payer and plan.

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54

How long does prior authorization take?

Prior authorization timelines vary by payer and service, from same-day electronic approvals to several weeks. Under the CMS Interoperability and Prior Authorization Final Rule, impacted payers such as Medicare Advantage, Medicaid and CHIP plans must decide urgent requests within 72 hours and standard requests within 7 calendar days, starting in 2026.

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55

What is the difference between a referral and a prior authorization?

A referral is an approval from a patient's primary care provider for the patient to see a specialist, common in HMO plans. A prior authorization is approval from the insurance company for a specific service, drug or procedure. A visit can require a referral, an authorization, both, or neither depending on the plan.

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56

What are deductibles, copays and coinsurance?

A deductible is the amount a patient pays each year before the plan starts sharing costs. A copay is a fixed amount paid for a service, such as a set fee per office visit. Coinsurance is a percentage of the allowed amount the patient pays after meeting the deductible, such as 20%.

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57

What is an out-of-pocket maximum?

The out-of-pocket maximum is the most a patient will pay for covered in-network services in a plan year. Deductibles, copays and coinsurance count toward it. Once it is reached, the plan pays 100% of covered in-network costs for the rest of the year. Premiums and non-covered services do not count.

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58

What is medical necessity in billing?

Medical necessity means a service is reasonable and necessary to diagnose or treat a patient's condition according to accepted standards of care. Payers check it by matching diagnosis codes to procedures and against their coverage policies. For Medicare, National and Local Coverage Determinations define which diagnoses support coverage.

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59

What is an Advance Beneficiary Notice (ABN)?

An Advance Beneficiary Notice of Noncoverage (form CMS-R-131) is given to Original Medicare patients before a service that Medicare may not cover. If the patient signs it and Medicare denies the claim, the provider can bill the patient. Claims are flagged with modifier GA when a valid ABN is on file.

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60

What is the No Surprises Act?

The No Surprises Act, effective January 1, 2022, protects patients from surprise bills for emergency care and certain out-of-network services at in-network facilities. It limits patients to in-network cost sharing in those cases, requires good faith estimates for uninsured and self-pay patients, and created an independent dispute resolution process between providers and payers.

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Credentialing & Provider Enrollment

Credentialing Services →
61

What is medical credentialing?

Medical credentialing is the process of verifying a provider's qualifications, including education, training, licenses, board certification, work history, malpractice coverage and claims history. Payers and hospitals verify these details directly with the issuing source, known as primary source verification, before allowing a provider to join their network or medical staff.

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62

What is the difference between credentialing and provider enrollment?

Credentialing verifies that a provider is qualified. Provider enrollment, often called payer contracting, registers the provider with an insurance plan so they can bill it and be paid at in-network rates. A provider usually needs both before submitting in-network claims to a commercial payer.

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63

How long does insurance credentialing take?

Insurance credentialing typically takes 90 to 120 days per payer, and some payers take 180 days or longer. Delays usually come from incomplete applications, unattested CAQH profiles and slow follow-up. Starting credentialing at least four months before a provider's start date protects revenue.

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64

What is CAQH ProView?

CAQH ProView is an online database where providers store their professional and practice information once and share it with participating health plans. Many commercial payers pull credentialing data from it. Providers must re-attest their profile every 120 days; an expired attestation can stall credentialing or recredentialing.

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65

What is PECOS and how do providers enroll in Medicare?

PECOS (Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System) is CMS's online system for Medicare enrollment. Individual providers enroll with form CMS-855I, groups with CMS-855B, and reassign benefits to a group with CMS-855R. Most providers must revalidate their Medicare enrollment every five years, and DMEPOS suppliers every three years.

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66

Can a provider bill insurance before credentialing is complete?

Generally, a provider cannot bill a payer as in-network until enrollment is approved. Medicare may allow retrospective billing for services up to 30 days before the enrollment filing date under certain conditions. Commercial payer rules vary widely, so practices should confirm each payer's effective-date and retroactive billing policy before scheduling new providers.

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67

What is recredentialing?

Recredentialing is the periodic re-verification of a provider's qualifications by a payer or hospital. Most health plans recredential every two to three years, and NCQA standards set a 36-month cycle. Missing a recredentialing request can lead to termination from the network and unpaid claims.

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68

What documents are needed for provider credentialing?

Credentialing usually requires a current state license, DEA registration, board certification, CV with a full work history, malpractice insurance face sheet and claims history, NPI, W-9, education and training certificates, hospital privileges, and a CLIA certificate if the practice performs lab testing. Keeping these current in one place speeds every application.

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69

What is the difference between a group NPI and an individual NPI?

An individual (Type 1) NPI identifies a single provider, while a group (Type 2) NPI identifies an organization such as a practice or clinic. Group practices typically bill under the Type 2 NPI as the billing provider and list the Type 1 NPI as the rendering provider. Mismatches between the two cause rejections.

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70

Why do credentialing applications get delayed?

Credentialing delays usually come from incomplete or inconsistent applications, unattested CAQH profiles, unexplained gaps in work history, mismatched addresses or tax IDs, expired documents, closed payer panels and lack of follow-up. Regular status checks with each payer are the most reliable way to keep applications moving.

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Patient Billing & Collections

Insurance Verification Services →
71

What is patient responsibility in medical billing?

Patient responsibility is the portion of a bill the patient owes after insurance processes the claim. It includes deductibles, copays, coinsurance and charges for non-covered services. With high-deductible health plans now common, patient responsibility makes up a growing share of practice revenue.

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72

How can medical practices improve patient collections?

Practices improve patient collections by verifying benefits and giving cost estimates before the visit, collecting copays and known balances at check-in, keeping a card on file with consent, sending clear electronic statements, offering online and text-to-pay options, and setting up written payment plans for larger balances.

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73

What is a good faith estimate?

Under the No Surprises Act, providers must give uninsured and self-pay patients a good faith estimate of expected charges when a service is scheduled at least three business days in advance or when the patient asks. If the final bill exceeds the estimate by $400 or more, the patient may use the federal dispute process.

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74

How often should patient statements be sent?

Most practices send patient statements every 30 days, typically three or four statements followed by a final notice before an account is considered for collections. Clear statements that show the date of service, what insurance paid and a simple way to pay online get paid faster.

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75

Can a practice charge patients for missed appointments?

Practices can generally charge no-show fees to commercial and self-pay patients when the policy is disclosed in advance and applied consistently. The fee is billed to the patient, not to insurance. Medicare allows charging Medicare patients for missed appointments only if the same policy applies to all patients. Medicaid rules are stricter and vary by state.

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76

What is balance billing?

Balance billing is billing a patient for the difference between the provider's charge and the payer's allowed amount. In-network providers cannot balance bill under their contracts, Medicare-participating providers who accept assignment cannot either, and the No Surprises Act prohibits it in emergency and certain out-of-network situations.

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77

When should a patient account be sent to collections?

Patient accounts are usually considered for collections after 90 to 120 days and several unanswered statements and calls. Before referral, confirm the balance is accurate, insurance was billed correctly and the patient was offered a payment plan. Agencies must follow the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, and medical-debt credit reporting rules have changed recently, so check current requirements.

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78

Should medical practices offer payment plans?

Yes. Payment plans with clear written terms, such as a set monthly amount and automatic card payments, help patients pay larger balances and reduce bad debt. They work best when offered proactively at the time a large balance is identified, before the account becomes delinquent.

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79

Can a practice offer self-pay or prompt-pay discounts?

Practices can offer self-pay and prompt-pay discounts if they follow a written, consistent policy. Routinely waiving copays or deductibles for patients covered by federal health programs can raise Anti-Kickback Statute and false claims concerns, so waivers should be limited to documented financial hardship.

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80

How should a practice handle patient billing questions?

Handle patient billing questions with easy-to-read statements, a dedicated billing phone line and email, staff trained to explain EOBs, deductibles and coinsurance, and quick access to itemized bills. Resolving questions on the first call reduces disputes, protects patient satisfaction and speeds up payment.

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Compliance, HIPAA & Regulations

About Everest AR →
81

How does HIPAA apply to medical billing?

HIPAA applies to medical billing in three main ways. The Privacy Rule limits how protected health information (PHI) is used and shared, the Security Rule requires safeguards for electronic PHI, and the Transactions and Code Sets rule mandates standard electronic formats such as the X12 837 claim, 835 remittance and 270/271 eligibility transactions.

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82

What is a Business Associate Agreement (BAA)?

A Business Associate Agreement is a contract HIPAA requires between a covered entity, such as a medical practice, and any vendor that creates, receives or handles protected health information on its behalf, such as a billing company. The BAA defines how PHI is protected, used and reported if breached. Never share PHI with a billing vendor without one.

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83

What is the False Claims Act?

The False Claims Act is a federal law that imposes liability on anyone who knowingly submits false or fraudulent claims to government health programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Penalties include up to three times the government's damages plus a per-claim penalty adjusted annually for inflation. Whistleblowers can file suits on the government's behalf.

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84

What is the Anti-Kickback Statute?

The Anti-Kickback Statute is a federal criminal law that prohibits knowingly offering, paying, soliciting or receiving anything of value to induce or reward referrals of business paid by federal healthcare programs. Violations can bring fines, imprisonment and exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid. Certain arrangements are protected by regulatory safe harbors.

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85

What is the Stark Law?

The Stark Law, the federal physician self-referral law, prohibits physicians from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients for designated health services to entities with which they or an immediate family member have a financial relationship, unless an exception applies. It is a strict liability law, so intent does not matter, and improper claims must be refunded.

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86

What should a medical billing compliance program include?

The HHS Office of Inspector General describes seven elements of an effective compliance program: written policies and procedures, a designated compliance officer, regular training, open lines of communication, auditing and monitoring, consistent enforcement and discipline, and prompt response with corrective action when problems are found.

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87

How often should a practice perform coding audits?

Most practices should audit coding at least once a year, and many audit quarterly. A common approach reviews a random sample of encounters per provider, with extra reviews for new providers, new services and high-risk codes. Audit findings should drive targeted education and be tracked until error rates improve.

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88

What are RAC audits and other Medicare audits?

Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) review Medicare claims to identify and recover improper payments. Practices may also face Targeted Probe and Educate (TPE) reviews by their Medicare Administrative Contractor and investigations by Unified Program Integrity Contractors (UPICs). Strong documentation and regular internal audits are the best defense.

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89

How long should medical billing records be kept?

Retention rules vary by source. HIPAA requires certain compliance documentation to be kept for six years, Medicare Advantage and other managed care records generally for ten years, and state laws set their own medical record rules. Many practices keep billing records for seven to ten years and follow whichever applicable rule is longest.

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90

What is the 60-day overpayment rule?

The 60-day rule requires providers to report and return Medicare and Medicaid overpayments within 60 days after they are identified. Keeping a known overpayment beyond the deadline can create liability under the False Claims Act. Practices should have a written process to investigate credit balances and refund overpayments promptly.

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Outsourcing Medical Billing & Everest AR

Free Practice Analysis →
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What is outsourced medical billing?

Outsourced medical billing means hiring a specialized company to handle some or all of a practice's billing and revenue cycle tasks, such as coding, claim submission, payment posting, denial management, credentialing and patient statements. The practice keeps control of its data and clinical work while the billing partner manages collections.

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How much does outsourced medical billing cost?

Outsourced medical billing is most commonly priced as a percentage of collections, typically between 4% and 10%, depending on specialty, claim volume, average reimbursement and the scope of services. Some companies charge a flat fee per claim or a monthly fee. Modular pricing lets practices pay only for the services they need.

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Is outsourcing medical billing better than keeping it in-house?

Outsourcing is often more cost-effective once you count the full cost of in-house billing: salaries, benefits, software, clearinghouse fees, training and turnover. A billing partner brings specialty expertise and coverage that does not stop when a staff member leaves. In-house billing gives more direct control but depends heavily on a small team.

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What should I look for in a medical billing company?

Look for a medical billing company with proven experience in your specialty, transparent pricing, clear and regular reporting, a signed HIPAA Business Associate Agreement, US-based staff, no long-term contract lock-in, strong client references and measurable KPIs such as net collection rate, denial rate and days in AR.

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Will I lose control of my practice's finances if I outsource billing?

No. A good billing partner gives you full visibility through regular reports on what was billed, paid, denied and followed up, plus access to your practice management system. You continue to own your data and set policies such as write-off approvals, patient payment terms and collection agency referrals.

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How long does it take to switch to a new medical billing company?

Switching to a new billing company usually takes 30 to 60 days. The transition includes signing a BAA, setting up system access, completing EDI and ERA enrollment with payers, reviewing fee schedules and building a plan to work down existing AR so that claims already in process are not lost.

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Will a medical billing company work with my EHR or practice management software?

Most established medical billing companies work inside the major EHR and practice management systems their clients already use, so the practice does not need to change software. Confirm during evaluation that the company has experience with your specific system and its reporting tools.

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What is a free practice analysis from Everest AR?

Everest AR's Free Practice Analysis is a no-obligation review by a billing expert who knows your specialty. It looks at your billing performance and estimates how much revenue your practice may be missing from denials, unpaid claims and slow follow-up. You can start it online at everestar.com/free-practice-analysis.

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What services does Everest AR provide?

Everest AR provides medical billing, full revenue cycle management, certified medical coding, denial management, credentialing and provider enrollment, prior authorization and insurance verification. Services are modular, so practices choose what they need. Everest AR serves more than 30 specialties, including cardiology, orthopedics, mental health, OB/GYN and internal medicine, across all 50 states.

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Why do medical practices choose Everest AR for billing?

Practices choose Everest AR for a dedicated, specialty-trained billing team instead of a rotating call center, more than 25 years of experience since 1999, a 4.9 Google rating, transparent modular pricing, no long-term contracts and HIPAA-compliant US-based teams. Every viable denial is appealed and every unpaid claim is followed up. Call (888) 556-2742 to talk to an expert.

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Find out how much revenue your practice is missing.

A dedicated, specialty-trained billing team with more than 25 years of experience. No long-term contracts. HIPAA compliant. Serving all 50 states.